Exploring the contributions of non-farm income diversification for improving soil and water conservation practices and reducing rural poverty in rain-fed areas of Punjab, Pakistan

Attaining agricultural sustainability and eliminating poverty are the key challenges of rural areas. Non-farm income diversification is a vital livelihood strategy that endorses sustainable agriculture alleviates poverty. Considering land degradation poor economic situation Pakistan's rain-fed areas, current research examined potential effects non-farm on household adopting soil water conservation (SWC) technologies. A survey 441 farmers was conducted in areas Punjab, Pakistan, for econometric analysis, propensity score matching (PSM) technique employed to explore objectives. The results signified diversified were more likely adopt SWC practices less vulnerable findings suggest farmer-based organizations extension activities must be strengthened as they support diversification, thus facilitating investment technologies reducing